Coagulopatía asociada a síndrome de malabsorción por enfermedad celíaca / Coagulopathy associated with celiac disease malabsorption syndrome

This article describes a 19-y-old patient with abdominal pain and signs of malnutrition. She had been treated previously with an antibiotic for chronic diarrhea. Laboratory analyses showed the presence mild hypoalbuminemia, and considerably prolonged prothrombin time. Tests revealed that hemostasis improved after the patient received fresh frozen plasma and vitamin k. A coagulation profile showed a decrease in clotting factors V, VII, IX, and fibrinogen. Positive serology (immunoglobulin A antitissue transglutaminase and immunoglobulin A antiendomysial antibodies) and small bowel mucosal histopathology confirmed the presence of celiac disease (CD). The girl recovered completely after she was put on a gluten-free diet. Vitamin K­deficiency is a rare complication that occurs in celiac disease manifestations. In addition to antibiotic therapy, treatment with other drugs that influence vitamin K resorption and metabolism may increase the risk of bleeding in patients with CD with hypoprothrombinemia.

Recent etiologies of Malabsorption syndrome among adults and features differentiating celiac disease and tropical malabsorption

Introduction: There is a constant change in the order of etiologies causing Malabsorption syndromes in India. Establishing the etiology of this challenging clinical disorder requires judicious use of a wide array of tests. Implementation of preventive health measures and improved sanitation may have changed the etiology of mal absorption syndrome. Aim: This study was aimed to document the recent etiologies of malabsorption syndromes and also to compare the features that differentiate tropical sprue from celiac disease, the recent two most common etiologies of mal absorption seen at our centre. Materials and methods: Patients seen at our centre with malabsorption syndromes from February 2016 to November 2018 were included in this study. The etiological, clinical and investigation details were recorded on uniform structured data forms. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: Out of the 300 patients screened, 200 patients were included in the study; the other 100 patients were not included as they did not fit in to the inclusion criteria for malabsorption syndrome. Of these 200, 22 (11%) patients were in the age group between 13-19 years. Tropical malabsorption (n=82) was the common cause of MAS followed by celiac disease (n=42). 35 of 42 patients (83.3%) with celiac disease, who underwent test for anti-endomysial antibody, had positive result followed by giardiasis and other diseases. Of the remaining seven patients, four had low level of serum IgA, one had anti-tTG antibody and others had anti-gliadin antibody in serum. Two patients with strongyloidosis, Two patients with Chron’s and one patient with IPSID died. Frequency of recurrence Akula Sanjeevaiah, Akula Sushmitha, Thota Srikanth. Recent etiologies of Malabsorption syndrome among adults and features differentiating celiac disease and tropical malabsorption. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 325-331. Page 326 after successful treatment was comparable among patients with celiac disease and tropical malaabsorption (two patients each) during a follow up period of 13.7 ± 16.1 and 14.7 ± 10.5 months, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, tropical malabsorption and celiac disease were the most common causes of mal-absorption syndrome followed by giardiasis, AIDS and tuberculosis.

Celiac Crisis: an unusual presentation of gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Celiac disease (CD)­also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy­is a chronic, genetically predisposing and autoimmune entity with a wide range of clinical manifestations triggered by gluten ingestion, which affects 1% of the general population. Currently, up to 60% of the diagnosis of CD is in adults due to the atypical course of the disease. The severe acute onset of CD­also called celiac crisis­is very uncommon and is still not well documented in adults. We report the case of a 58-year-old man who presented a 45-day history of subtle-onset diarrhea followed by malabsorption syndrome with progressive weight loss, anasarca, and electrolyte disturbances. The diagnostic work-up included an upper digestive endoscopy, which showed scalloping of the duodenal mucosa with pathological features confirmed on biopsies. Specific antibodies were positive, and a satisfactory clinical response was obtained once a gluten-free diet was started. Celiac crisis is a rare initial presentation of CD characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, hypoproteinemia, and metabolic and electrolyte disturbances. Although rare, it should be considered in patients with apparently unexplained chronic diarrhea.

Prevalencia de alergia alimentaria en pacientes con fibrosis quística, que asisten a la Unidad de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hepatología y Nutrición (Gastronutriped) en Bogotá entre 2009 y 2013 / Prevalence of food allergies in patients with cystic fibrosis seen in the Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service of Gastronutriped in Bogotá between 2009 and 2013

Introducción. La alergia alimentaria y la fibrosis quística (FQ) son patologías complejas que pueden acontecer concomitantemente. Aunque pareciera poco frecuente, durante la práctica clínica se han observado varios casos de presentación simultánea. Dado lo anterior, nace el interés de observar el comportamiento de la alergia alimentaria en los pacientes con FQ vistos en una clínica de referencia para ambas entidades. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de alergia alimentaria en la población de fibrosis quística que asiste a la consulta de gastroenterología pediátrica de la IPS Gastronutriped en Bogotá entre los años 2009 y 2013. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, en pacientes de ambos géneros de 0 a 18 años de edad con diagnóstico de FQ, atendidos en la Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica -IPS Gastronutriped- entre el 2009 y el 2013, con la revisión de historias clínicas para definir si habían tenido o tenían además, diagnóstico de algún tipo de alergia alimentaria. Resultados. Se documentó que 14,8% (n=4/27) de la población con FQ analizada presentó algún diagnóstico de alergia alimentaria, con variedad en el tipo de expresión clínica. Conclusión. En un paciente con FQ que persiste con síntomas gastrointestinales a pesar de un adecuado tratamiento y adherencia al mismo, es fundamental sospechar otras patologías independientes que al tiempo, comprometan el tracto gastrointestinal.

Introduction: Food allergies and cystic fibrosis (CF) are complex diseases that may occur concomitantly. Although this seems uncommon, several cases of simultaneous presentation have been observed in our clinical practice. Given this, we developed an interest in observing the behavior of food allergies in CF patients seen at a referral clinic for both entities. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of food allergies in cystic fibrosis patients at the outpatient pediatric gastroenterology clinic of Gastronutriped IPS in Bogotá between 2009 and 2013. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of male and female patients diagnosed with CF and treated at the Unit of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition of Gastronutriped IPS between 2009 and 2013. Patients’ ages ranged from newborns to 18 years old. We reviewed their medical records to determine whether they also had been diagnosed with any type of food allergy. Results: We found that 14.8% (n = 4/27) of the CF population analyzed presented diagnoses of food allergy, although the clinical expressions of these allergies varied. Conclusion: When gastrointestinal symptoms persist in patients with CF despite adherence to proper treatment, it is essential to suspect other independent pathologies that may compromise the gastrointestinal tract.

Pathogenesis of tropical sprue A pilot study of antroduodenal manometry, duodenocaecal transit time & fat-induced ileal brake.

Background & objectives: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) due to ileal brake-induced hypomotility may cause tropical sprue (TS). We evaluated effect of infusion of fat or placebo in duodenum randomly in patients with TS and healthy controls on antroduodenal manometry (ADM) and mediators of ileal brake, and duodenocaecal transit time (DCTT). Methods: ADM and DCTT (lactulose hydrogen breath test, HBT) were evaluated with placebo and fat in eight controls and 13 patients with TS (diagnostic criteria: tests showing malabsorption of two unrelated substances, abnormal duodenal histology, absence of other causes, response to antibiotics and folate). Results: Patients with TS (6 had SIBO by glucose HBT) were similar in age and gender with controls. After fat infusion, proximal gut motility index (MI) was reduced compared to fasting state in TS, and DCTT was longer in TS than controls (200 min, 120-380 vs. 130, 70-160, P=0.001), though comparable after placebo (70 min, 30-140 vs. 60, 40-90). TS patients had higher PYY and neurotensin than controls after fat infusion. DCTT after fat infusion correlated with plasma level of PYY in TS but not in controls. Post-fat PYY and neurotensin levels were higher in TS with lower BMI (<16 kg/m2) than those with higher BMI. Parameters of ileal brake (post-fat DCTT, PYY and neurotensin) were higher in patients with than without SIBO. Interpretation & conclusions: Fat infusion reduced proximal gut MI, increased DCTT, PYY, and neurotensin among patients with TS. Malabsorbed fat might cause exaggerated ileal brake reducing gut motility, promoting SIBO and bacterial colonization and malabsorption in TS.

Patrones histomorfológicos hallados en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad celíaca en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina(RA) / Histomorphologycs standard found in pediatrics patiens from Corrientes–Argentina (RA)

La EC se caracteriza por una reacción inflamatoria crónica mediada por células T, con componenteautoinmune, que probablemente se desarrolla a consecuencia de la pérdida de tolerancia al gluten. La interacciónde factores genéticos, respuesta inmune del huésped y factores medioambientales ocupan un lugar central en su patogenia. La mucosa del intestino delgado expuesta al gluten acumula células T CD8+ intraepiteliales y gran número de células T CD 4+ en la lámina propia, sensibilizadas a gliadina. El diagnostico de la enfermedad se hace en base a la clínica, la biopsia de intestino delgado y los marcadores serológicos:anticuerpos antigliadina, anticuerpos antiendomisio, anticuerpos antirreticulina y anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa tisular.La certeza diagnóstica la proporciona la biopsia de intestino delgado, es por ello la importancia de conocer los patrones histomorfológicos de la mucosa del intestino delgado. El tratamiento efectivo de la EC es la exclusión total del gluten de la dieta, su cumplimiento lleva a una rápida y completa recuperación de la histo–morfología del intestino delgado, con remisión de los síntomas y negativización de los marcadores serológicos.

The EC is characterized by a chronic inflammatory reaction by cells T, with component autoinmune,that probably is developed as a result of the lost one of tolerance to the gluten. The interaction of genetic factors,immune response of the guest and environmental factors occupy a central place in his patogenia. The small intestinal mucosa exposed to gluten accumulates intraepithelial cells T CD8+ and great number of cells T CD 4+ in the own lamina, sensitized to gliadin. The diagnosis of the disease is made on the basis of the clinic, small intestine biopsy and serological markers: anti–gliadin antibodies, anti–endomysial antibodies, anti–rreticulina antibodies and anti–transglutaminasa antibodies. The diagnostic accuracy is provided by small bowel biopsy, which is why theimportance of understanding the microscopicmorphologic patterns of small bowel mucosa. Effective treatment of CD is the complete exclusion of gluten from the diet, this implementation leads to rapid and complete recovery of the histo- morphology of the small intestine, with remission of symptoms and a negative result for markers.

La Enfermedad celiaca en el Paraguay / Coeliac disease in Paraguay

ntroducción: la Enfermedad celiaca (EC) es una enteropatía inducida por el gluten de la dieta en personas genéticamente susceptibles y en quienes produce lesiones características en la mucosa intestinal, que llevan a un estado de malabsorción. Objetivos: describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los portadores de EC en el Paraguay y comparar las formas de presentación clínica entre niños/adolescentes y adultos. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico de datos de filiación y características clínicas al momento del diagnóstico de la EC en personas que concurrieron a la Fundación Paraguaya de Celiacos entre 1995 y octubre 2011. Fueron incluidos 656 adultos y niños con cuadro clínico, serología específica y biopsia duodenal compatibles con EC. Resultados: predominaron celiacos del sexo femenino (72,4%), la edad media fue 25±18 años. Las diarreas crónicas fueron la causa más frecuente de consulta (62,7%). La Dermatitis herpetiforme se presentó en 33,8%, las formas familiares en 17,6%. La tiroiditis crónica autoinmune acompaña al 6,6% de los casos. Conclusiones: la EC se presentó en el Paraguay con sobre todo en el sexo femenino, debut a diferentes edades, con predominio de la forma clásica de diarreas crónicas (62,7%).

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an enteropathy induced by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals and produce characteristic lesions in the intestinal mucosa, leading to a state of malabsorption. Objectives: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of carriers of CD in Paraguay and compare clinical presentation between children/adolescents and adults. Material and Methods: observational, retrospective, descriptive and analytical study from affiliation and clinical data at the time of diagnosis of CD in people who attended the Paraguayan Coeliac Foundation between 1995 and October 2011. We included 656 adults and children with clinical symptoms, specific serology and duodenal biopsy compatible with CD. Results: there was a female predominance (72.4%), the mean age was 25 ± 18 years. Chronic diarrheas were the most frequent cause of consultation (62.7%). Dermatitis herpetiformis occurred in 33.8% and family forms in 17.6%. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was found in 6.6% of cases. Conclusions: CD is presented in Paraguay mostly in women, debut at different ages, with predominantly classic form of chronic diarrhea (62.7%).

Frequency of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Non-Specific Diarrhea

INTRODUCTION: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in varying frequency in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We studied the frequency of SIBO in IBS and chronic non-specific diarrhea (CNSD). METHODS: 129 patients with IBS (Manning's criteria), 73 with CNSD (> or = 4 weeks diarrhea with two of these tests normal [urine D-xylose, fecal fat and duodenal biopsy]) and 51 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for SIBO using glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT). Diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) was grouped into CNSD. Rise in breath hydrogen 12 ppm above basal following 100 g glucose was diagnostic of SIBO. RESULTS: Of 129 patients with IBS, 7 were constipation (C-IBS), and 122 were of indeterminate type (I-IBS). Patients with IBS were younger than HC and CNSD (IBS vs. HC: 36.6 yr +/- 11.4 vs. 44.1 yr +/- 13.6, p = 0.001; IBS vs. CNSD: 36.6 yr +/- 11.4 vs. 42 yr +/- 14.5, p = 0.003). Patients with CNSD were comparable to HC in age (42 yr +/- 14.5 vs. 44.1 yr +/- 13.6, p = ns). Patients with IBS were more often male than HC [108/129 (83.7%) vs. 34/51 (66.7%) p = 0.02]; gender of CNSD and HC was comparable [male 39/73 (53.4%) vs. 34/51 (66.7%) p = ns]. SIBO was commoner in CNSD than HC [16 (21.9%) vs. 1 (2%), p = 0.003], but was comparable in IBS and HC [11 (8.5%) vs. 1 (2%), p = 0.18]. Patients with CNSD more often had SIBO than IBS [16 (21.9%) vs. 11 (8.5%), p = 0.007]. CONCLUSIONS: SIBO was more common in CNSD including D-IBS than other types of IBS and HC.

Sobrecrecimiento bacteriano intestinal en pacientes con pancreatitis crónica / Small intestine bacterial overgrowth in patients with chronic pancreatitis

Background: Previous reports describe 30-40 percent of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), SIBO is a cause of persistent symptoms in this group of patients even when they are treated with pancreatic enzymes. Aim: To asses the frequency of SIBO in patients with CP. Patients and methods: We studied 14 patients with CP using an hydrogen breath test with lactulose to detect SIBO, a nonabsorbable carbohydrate, whose results are not influenced by the presence of exocrine insufficiency. Main symptoms and signs were bloating in 9 (64 percent), recurrent abdominal pain in 8 (57 percent), intermittent diarrhea in 5 (36 percent) and steatorrhea in 5 (36 percent). At the same time we studied a healthy control group paired by age and sex. Results: SIBO was present in 13 of 14 patients with CP (92 percent) and in 1 of 14 controls (p<0.001). The only patient with CP and without SIBO was recently diagnosed and had minimal morphologic alterations in computed tomography and endoscopic pancreatography Conclusions: SIBO is common in CP and may be responsible for persistent symptoms. Proper diagnosis and treatment could alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Malabsorption syndrome and tropical sprue in a patient with capillaria infection.

A 52-year-old male complained of a four-year history of diarrhea. He had severe diarrhea and lost 10 kg of weight during the previous eight months. Physical examination revealed moderate wasting with mild eodema on both legs. His serum cholesterol, calcium, total protein, albumin, glodium and potassium levels were depressed. Both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were within the normal limits. A G-I follow through study revealed irregularity of distal jejunum and mid-ileum. Intestinal biopsy showed shortening and widening of ileal villi, and that the submucosa was infiltrated with lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells. Because of these findings coupled with the fact that no ova and parasites were detected in the stool, this patient was diagnosed as a case of tropical sprue. Tetracycline, flagyl and folic acid were given, but there was no clinical improvement. A segmental biopsy of the ileum showed C. philippinensis larvae in the crypts and surface mucosa. Mebendazole was given and the patient improved. Intestinal capillariasis is different from tropical sprue in that its pathology is usually in the jejunum while tropical sprue is in both the jejunum and ileum. Therefore, the serum vitamin B12 level is usually normal in the former while both serum folate and vitamin B12 levels are low in the latter.